Outside Solar Lights Solar Candles

Introduction to solar lamps

With the development and progress of solar photovoltaic technology, the first application in the civilian lighting in the past few years, solar lighting products due to the dual advantages of environmental protection and energy saving, solar garden lights and solar lawn and solar street lights and other aspects of the application has been gradually Form a scale. First, the composition of solar lighting In the design of solar lighting, involving light, solar cell systems, battery charge and discharge control and many other factors, any one of the problems will cause product defects. Solar panels by the following five parts 1, the solar panel 2, charge and discharge controller 3, battery 4, load 5, the lamp shell 1, solar panels solar panels main function in the light energy into electricity, this phenomenon called For the photovoltaic effect. In many solar cells in the more common and more practical monocrystalline silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells and amorphous silicon solar cells and other three, in the sunny sunshine good sun and the east of the region, the use of polysilicon solar cells, because of polysilicon solar energy Battery production process is relatively simple, the price is lower than the single crystal. Conversion efficiency has been improving in recent years. In the rainy days more sun is relatively not very adequate in the southern region, the use of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, monocrystalline silicon solar cell electrical performance parameters are relatively stable. Of course, amorphous silicon solar cells in the indoor sun is very weak case is better, because the amorphous silicon solar cells on the sun light conditions require relatively low.

Any one of the solar energy products we must first understand the solar cells, solar cells have five electrical performance parameters: 1, short circuit current 2, peak current 3, open circuit voltage 4, peak voltage 5, peak power peak power = peak current × peak voltage for Monolithic solar cells, it is a PN junction, in addition to when the sun shines on it, it can generate electricity, it also has all the characteristics of PN junction. Under standard lighting conditions, its rated output voltage is 0.48V. Solar cell modules used in solar lighting are made up of multiple solar cells. 2, charge and discharge controller regardless of the size of solar lamps, a good performance charge and discharge control circuit is essential. In order to extend the life of the battery, it must be its charge and discharge conditions to be restricted to prevent the battery overcharge and deep discharge, in addition, due to the input of solar photovoltaic power generation system is very unstable, photovoltaic power generation system charge control of the battery than Ordinary battery charging control to be more complicated.

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The other is solar thermal power generation, solar thermal energy is driven through the heat generator power generation, the basic composition including the collector, energy storage systems, heat engines and generators. Some countries are developing high-power devices, has reached the level of practical application of grid-connected power generation. As the solar thermal power generation technology is complex, commercial applications are only suitable for relatively large capacity, so the development of unpleasant, practical application of small. In this case,

(2) solar photovoltaic power generation: not through the thermal process, directly to the sun's light energy into electricity use, can be divided into photovoltaic power generation, light-induced power generation, photochemical power generation and photobiology. The current application of photovoltaic power generation, will be irradiated on the solar cells on the light, resulting in direct conversion of photovoltaic effect into DC power output, usually by the square of solar cells and racks, batteries, controllers, inverters and other components. Its shortcomings: intermittent. Affected by climatic conditions; low energy density; high initial investment. So far, more than 100 countries have been involved in the development and application of solar photovoltaic cells. In recent years, production has increased rapidly. Production costs began to decline [7]. Currently. Photovoltaic power generation is mainly used for three major areas: to provide power for the non-electric occasions; solar household electronic products. Such as various types of solar chargers, solar lamps, etc .; In this case,

The basic characteristics of solar cells

The volt-ampere characteristics of the solar array are strongly non-linear. The nominal power of the array of solar cells is defined as: S = l000W / m2; solar cell temperature T = 25C; air mass AM = 1.5, the maximum output power of the solar cell array is defined as its rated power. The rated power of the solar cell array is "peak tiles", and "Wp" is used. In this case,

In order for the solar cell module to receive as much of the solar radiation as possible during the year, an optimum inclination angle is selected for the solar cell module. On the best tilt angle of solar cell components, in recent years, appeared in a number of academic journals.
This article from the concept of street lights to start a systematic understanding of the street, because the solar street lights, although a new thing, but still belong to the street a large team. Therefore, through the analysis of the concept, we stand on the theoretical height of the interpretation of the street lights to grasp, and then by understanding the classification of street lamps, development history, structure, so that we all know the street lights, and use it to guide the design of solar street light The In this design task, for the conscious control of the entire design process, master the design direction, with an objective attitude to sum up the program, consider a lot of factors. Mainly from several aspects to sum up: First, the relevant concepts and advantages of solar street lights summary. Second, the development of relevant analysis and design. Third, the initial design of the appearance of solar street lighting style, divided into six design options, and ultimately choose a more appropriate program.

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There are a small number of copper or alloy production The main products currently on the market for the aluminum, and other materials are generally relatively high cost of hand-made, translucent pieces of acrylic panels or pc board, these materials have good light transmittance, antioxidant UV, Easy to yellow, long life characteristics. Courtyard lamp pole material used for aluminum or steel, external galvanized spray anti-corrosion rust treatment, the general surface of the use of carbon fluoride paint to add anti-UV powder, improve the light pole of the anti- Corrosion resistance to oxidation. Light pole exterior color can be made according to customer requirements or produced by the customer model.
To the cage part: general garden lights 3 meters above the fill area will use to the cages, the cages for the manufacturers, height 25-45 cm, diameter: ∮ 10-12, but also according to the special environment to use more Rough longer cage, this part can consult with the manufacturers. The general installation environment for the cement floor or other high hardness of the use of place to use expansion screws.
The face of human sustainable development, from the existing conventional energy to clean, renewable energy has been referred to the transition to new energy. Because the new energy is relying on the development of high-tech, sustainable development of renewable energy to open up the road to meet the growing human energy demand and protect the planet clean. The use of solar power, neither fuel, no dust and ash, do not pollute the environment, very clean. Especially solar modules, the service life of up to 20 years, stable performance, while lower maintenance costs. In this case,
Solar radiation is inexhaustible, is the human can freely use of energy. In the world of energy shortages, environmental pollution is increasingly serious today, the full development and utilization of solar energy is the world's Governments sustainable development of energy strategic decision-making. Compared with the traditional lighting tools, ultra-bright white LED lighting source of small size, light weight, good direction and can withstand a variety of harsh conditions, power, life and environmental protection have unparalleled advantages, plus On the solar energy-saving lamps and installation is simple, so where the frequency of AC lamps, LED lighting antenna will reach.

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Materials across the board is to convert the higher energy blue part converted into other colors.
Now only the LED light source can be completely covered by CIE chromaticity curve all saturated Colors,practically produce the organic integration of a variety of colors LED with phosphor each color without limitation.In terms of reliability,the half-life LED is reduced(ie,light output to half of the initial value of the time)is about 10,000 to 100,000 hours.In contrast,small
Display incandescent half-life(half-life refers to half the number of lamp failure time) Typical values in the range of 100,000 to thousands of hours,depending on the rated lamp current.

Second,the advantages of the LED flashlight(advantage)
1,led a long life,and can reach more than 5 up to 100,000 hours,5 to 10 times higher than conventional
Incandescent life.
2,cold,low fever,will not damage the lamp securely.
3,fast response,anti-collision,weather resistance,small size,easy to size and weight.4,energy
Saving,energy saving,low power consumption,eco-friendly materials.
5,fast response,long 1us(microsecond),not warm light safety have to improve.6,low
Voltage drive(voltage of 1.8~4.0V)security.

Three,LED flashlight style and performance
Currently,there is a common small LED Flashlight Keychain,type multi-lamp,single lamp power type.
From the type of power supply point of view is the use of an AA battery or a AAA battery,some use three AAA batteries,and some use three button batteries,and manual force,and so on.1.Compact LED Flashlight
Compact LED flashlight is the use of AA or AAA batteries multi-lamp small flashlight batteries,or use three button batteries or flashlight keychain flashlight.Such concentration effectcompact LED flashlight is bad,the power consumption is also large,but the case for the temporary or
Emergency lighting can be seen at night things in town and so not long-term use,or have some practical value.

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When not biased, the solar cell is irradiated with white light. Measured at different load resistor R flowing through the solar battery current I and the output voltage of the solar cell U, analyze the resulting data available current I and the voltage U changes the relationship summed ISC = 0.722mA; UOC = 3.78V. Similarly, the relationship between the solar cell output power P and the load resistor R summed Pmax = 1.887mW; this time R = 5400Ω. Final calculated fill
Filling factor: FF = Pm / UocIsc = 1.887 / 3.78 * 0722 = 0.692
5.1.2 Light Effects
In the dark box, take J0 as a standard set of light intensity, in this experiment, the horizontal distance from the light source 20 cm of the light intensity as a standard light intensity, measured with a photometer where the light intensity J0. By changing the distance between the light source of the solar cell to d, to change the light intensity J. The J / J0 is a solar cell to accept the relative light intensity. By measuring Isc, Uoc and J / J0, can be drawn Isc, Uoc respectively approximate function J / J0 were presented between lines, curves single increase distribution. Seen Isc, Uoc and the relative light intensity J / J0 of
Function formula is:
5.1.3 Output power and the relationship between light intensity
By changing the light intensity, which is the change in the distance d single crystal silicon solar cell and the light source, the measurement of several different sets of output voltage and output current value, the output power can be obtained under different illumination
Rate, then get relationship between the output power and light intensity, as shown in Figure 17:
[10] 13 Output power and relative light intensity J / J0 relationship
 Figure 4-1 Scenario 2. Option 2 also uses a bionic design, developed by the martyr's mosaic and its abstract design, the flowers are white, the stems are green, which represents purity and love, gives a quiet soothing. The leaves made of hollow form, the middle is the lamp column core, so that the overall easy and simple, at night to walk on the road people a comfortable and relaxed.
Solar street lights have begun to be applied to our lives, but China's solar street lighting design research has just started. Today 's street lamp is not only a tool to provide lighting source, it also bear the city to create a night light environment; to protect people' s life and property and other important responsibility; it has a direct impact on people 's physical and mental health, quality of life. Therefore, the design of solar street lights has a very important practical significance.

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Product strong fashion sense, texture and beautiful, fine, with a modern, mainly used in decorative lighting residential green belt, green belt of industrial parks, scenic spots, parks, gardens, squares and green spaces and other places. Categories

(1) solar home lighting compared with ordinary LED lights, solar lights built-in lithium or lead-acid batteries, external

3

One or more solar panels to its charge, the charging time is generally about 8 child, up to 8-24 hours of use. Usually with charging or remote control, according to user needs of different shape.

(2) solar lights marine, aviation and land traffic lights vital role in many parts of the grid can not supply power, and solar-powered lights to resolve the problem, directional light source with small particles of LED-based. And achieved good economic and social benefits.

(3) Solar lawn light power 0.1 ~ 1W, the general use of small particle-emitting diode (LED) as the primary source. Solar panels power of 0.5 ~ 3W, can be 1.2V nickel batteries and other two batteries.

(4) Solar Landscape applied to squares, parks, green spaces and other places, the use of various forms of low-power LED light source, line source, but also the shape of the cold cathode lamps to beautify the environment. Solar landscape lights can not destroy the landscape green and get better lighting effects.
But LED street lamp metal pole should do lightning protection grounding resistance is not greater than 10Ω. 7. Battery selection according to the capacity calculation: battery capacity = light source power consumption × daily use of time / electricity voltage × continuous rainy days × 1.5 (loss factor). 8. Power calculation of the panel Wp = lamp load power × time of the lamp / local sunshine factor × 2.3.
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4 product design to achieve 4.1 design sketch 1. According to a gentleman's leaves to start the association, the gentleman's flower language is noble, elegant, gentleman of the wind Lampholders designed for the hollow to reduce the intensity of the wind to ensure that the lamp post wind resistance, the integration of the panel and the lamp design. The appearance of natural green feelings, so that people walking on both sides of the road can feel the natural atmosphere, simple structure, clear and smooth appearance, see Figure 4-1.

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Third, the technical performance
1. Input voltage: three-phase four-wire AC380V ± 10% 50Hz
2. Work environment: temperature -10 ℃ ~ + 40 ℃, relative humidity <85% (25 ℃), altitude <4000m
3. Installed capacity: <1.5kVA
Fourth, the basic configuration
(A) multifunction lighting motion platform
1. Stainless steel frame (metal processing electroplating process): Structure beautiful, no dust does not stick ash, clean and hygienic
2. radiation angle adjustment mechanism: Analog sunlight at different times of the radiation angle adjustment range: -30 ° ~ 225 °
3. The radiation intensity adjustment mechanism: Feasts simulate different solar radiation intensity
4. illumination detector: Real-time detection of illumination change under different circumstances
(B) The system bench
1. Intelligent solar controller. Intelligent control battery charging and discharging; effectively improve system stability prolong battery life
2. High-performance maintenance-free lead-acid batteries
3. Smart AC and DC digital voltmeter; measuring range, 0 ~ 500V
4. Smart AC and DC digital ammeter; measuring range, 0 ~ 5A
5. Equipped with two kinds of fixed and adjustable load
(C) the system control cabinet
1. Intelligent power collection module: real-time collection and analysis of each power line running and harmonic parameters
2. The single-phase meter: measuring the actual output power of solar stand-alone systems
3. The off-grid inverter: a number of protection, running more secure and stable
4. Grid Inverter: automatically track the maximum power
5. The use of advanced industrial control machine as a miniature tablet PC
Five pilot projects
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The battery pack is only 365Pa wind pressure. Therefore, the component itself is fully able to withstand 27m / s wind speed without damage. Therefore, the design of the key to consider is the battery module bracket and pole connection. 5.LED lamp matrix size according to the required lighting time LED lights daily working hours should be the same as the general requirements of the work of the street, the design should consider the winter sunshine time is short, its working hours should be able to 12 hours. As the LED lights affected by the weather larger, in case of continuous rainy days to make LED lights lack of electricity and can not be used. In the design should take full account of the capacity of solar panels and batteries. 6. Lightning protection LED street lamp operating voltage is generally 12V or 24V, is a safe voltage, do not do electrical protection grounding.